ABSTRACT
A deadly novel coronavirus disease or severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2) has taken the entire globe in its grip and claimed over more than 0.1 million lives across the globe in barely four months of time. This has attracted researchers, medical practitioners, scientists, biologist's fraternity, etc. all over the world to join hands in fighting the pandemic. Therefore, a detailed study in the field of coronavirus, especially related to the research status and gaps under a common umbrella, will further help in understanding and improving the current scenario. In the present paper, the scientometric analysis technique was utilized for understanding the recent research activities, scientific trends, and global involvement in the research on coronavirus. Herein, Web of Science database was used for searching the documents. The "articles” in the "English” language were considered in the study. The VoSviewer software was used for carrying out the scientometric analysis. The scanning of the research publication status on a year-on-year basis suggested an increase in the field of research on coronavirus in the recent past. From 2000 till 2020, a total of 9257 number of research articles were published. Among all other countries, USA has the most number of documents published. Analysis of the journals, authors, organizations, funding agencies of the countries and their co-operation network were also analyzed based on citations. Further, co-occurrence analysis of the different keywords suggested that coronavirus related diseases are known to precipitate severe acute respiratory syndrome in the patients. This is also true in the case of COVID-19. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Personal protective equipment designated as PPE is considered to be the most important protective equipment designed for safeguarding both public and personal health against infectious microbial agents other toxic materials. This chapter gives an overview about the importance and use of the personal protective equipment (PPE) as coronavirus shielding material. The various contents of the chapter focused on different types of PPE, its formation, and preparation. The importance and values of personal protective equipment (PPE) are also included in the chapter. The details of disposing of contaminated PPE are included along with the discussion about annual procurement (demand) for PPE via UNICEF. The Indian scenarios as well the world scenario about the availability of PPE are also investigated. Also, the future perspective of the PPE market is also discussed. The polymers which are used in the manufacturing of PPE kits take part in a vital character from the prevention of the disease. The global overview is also presented which focuses on the production rate of PPE along with the materialistic points of the polymers which have been used. Globally, the demand for PPE kits is at a high inclined position since the coronavirus pandemic is widely affected. PPE is considered as the last line of defence which protects the workers against the hazards. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
ABSTRACT
Design of antimicrobial tiles seems necessary to combat against contagious diseases, especially COVID-19. In addition to personal hygiene, this technology facilitates public hygiene as antimicrobial tiles can be installed at hospitals, schools, banks, offices, lobbies, railway stations, etc. This review is primarily focused on preparing antimicrobial tiles using an antimicrobial layer or coatings that fight against germs. The salient features and working mechanisms of antimicrobial tiles are highlighted. This challenge is a component of the exploratory nature of nanoarchitectonics, that also extends farther than the realm of nanotechnology. This nanoarchitectonics has been successful at the laboratory scale as antimicrobial metal nanoparticles are mainly used as additives in preparing tiles. A detailed description of various materials for developing unique antimicrobial tiles is reported here. Pure metal (Ag, Zn) nanoparticles and a mixture of nanoparticles with other inorganic materials (SiO2,, TiO2, anatase, nepheline) have been predominantly used to combat microbes. The developed antimicrobial tiles have shown excellent activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The last section discussed a hypothetical overview of utilizing the antimicrobial tiles against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, this review gives descriptive knowledge about the importance of antimicrobial tiles to create a clean and sustainable environment.